![]() ![]() In contrast, far fewer species are highly polytypic across their range, with significant phenotypic variation among but low variation within populations. 2001 Storz 2002), genetic drift, or both ( Hoffman et al. 2001) result from selection acting on continuous traits across selective gradients ( Endler 1973 Storz et al. 1990), or ornamentation ( Nevo 1973 Gray 1983 Brooks and Endler 2001a Storz et al. 2006), color pattern ( McDiarmid 1968 Stewart 1974 Hoffman and Blouin 2000 Woolbright and Stewart 2008), life-history traits ( Dhondt et al. For some species, geographic clines in body size ( Brown and Thorpe 1991 Storz 2002), behavior ( Thompson 1990 Pröhl et al. Many taxa exhibit some phenotypic variation among individuals within populations, although the spatial distribution of genetic and phenotypic diversity varies substantially among species ( Hoffman and Blouin 2000 Gray and McKinnon 2007). The spatial distribution of divergent phenotypes provides insight into the relative roles of natural and sexual selection, gene flow, and vicariance in the diversification of a species ( Grinnell 1924 Ford 1971 Slatkin 1985 Brown et al. Our study underscores the fact that selection gradients vary across relatively small spatial scales, even in species that occupy relatively homogeneous environments.Īgalychnis, biogeography, color pattern, Costa Rica, Panama ![]() Although the mode of selection underlying color variation was not the focal objective of this study, we discuss the possible roles of natural and sexual selection in mediating population differentiation. These patterns indicate that phenotypic diversification is highly regionalized and can result from spatial variation in localized adaptations, geographic isolation, genetic drift, and/or evolutionary stasis. We detected 3 generalized spatial patterns of genetic and phenotypic diversity: 1) phenotypic differentiation in the presence of historical connectivity, 2) phenotypic uniformity across genetically differentiated regions, and 3) codistribution of genetic and phenotypic characters. Two phenotypic characters varied independently among isolated population groups: Flank coloration distinguished Caribbean from Pacific individuals, whereas leg coloration exhibited a more complex geographic pattern. Phylogenetic analyses revealed 5 well-supported mitochondrial DNA clades, and we infer from our phylogeny that geographic barriers have played a large role in structuring populations. We quantified color differentiation and genetic divergence among 20 populations of the red-eyed tree frog ( Agalychnis callidryas) in lower Central America. Maintaining the correct temperature and humidity level in your frog’s habitat can be accomplished by using outside heating sources and misting daily.Spatial patterns of heritable phenotypic diversity reflect the relative roles of gene flow and selection in determining geographic variation within a species. Keeping your little green friend happy and thriving in his captive environment relies greatly on the proper red eyed tree frog temperature setting. If you have a water dish or water feature in the tank, this will also aid in the humidity level. Also make sure that your red eyed tree frog has a fresh supply of water daily. Clean the tank frequently to prevent mold or mildew. You can also mist the plants, which will further help maintain the proper humidity level.ĭo not let the tank become stagnant by providing adequate ventilation. To maintain humidity in the tank, mist the tank and even the frog daily with purified water. The humidity should remain at least between 60-75 percent. Humidity is an important factor in the proper red eyed tree frog temperature setting. No lights should be used at night so that the red eyed tree frog can enjoy its natural nocturnal activities. Let the habitat cool at night by approximately 10o F. To properly adjust fluctuations in daytime and nighttime temperature, you may wish to connect the heat sources to a timer. Remember, in the rainforest the red eyed tree frog remains in the cool shade underneath the leaves of trees during the day and is active at night. Never keep the tank near a window where the sunlight can bear down on your pet. The red eyed tree frog does not like direct bright light so use infrared or diffused light bulbs. Heat rocks are also not recommended for this reason. Never place a heat source directly on or near the frog, as this can burn them. You can use one source or a combination of heat bulbs, ceramic heat emitters and a heating pad placed under the tank. If your home environment differs from this preferred red eyed tree frog temperature setting, you will have to provide a heat source. This is the approximate temperature that the red eyed tree frog is used to in his natural habitat of the rainforest. At night, the temperature should be between 65-75o F. The optimum daytime temperature should be kept between 75-85o F. ![]()
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